Era III — Fourth Republic Part 1 — Obasanjo · Yar'Adua · Jonathan (1999–2015) — Kaduna State

Feb 2000 — Sharia riots. Governor Ahmad Sani Yerima of Zamfara adopts Sharia in October 1999; Governor Ahmed Makarfi of Kaduna proposes Kaduna adoption in February 2000. Massive Christian protest in Kaduna city (21 Feb 2000) is met with Muslim counter-mobilisation. Over 1,000 killed in three days (Human Rights Watch figure: 1,000–2,000). Sabon Tasha, Kawo, Tudun Wada quarters of Kaduna devastated; church and mosque parity destruction.Northern Abandonment Cycle
May 2000 — Kaduna Sharia riots, second wave. Reprisal killings of Hausa-Fulani in Igbo south-east trigger a return cycle. A further 500+ killed.Unprosecuted Massacre Cycle
November 2002 — ThisDay/Miss World riots. Lagos newspaper *ThisDay* publishes Isioma Daniel's article suggesting the Prophet Muhammad would have approved of a Miss World contestant. Riots in Kaduna and Abuja; over 250 killed; a *fatwa* issued against Daniel by the Zamfara Deputy Governor (later withdrawn).Northern Abandonment Cycle
Nov 2008–Jan 2010 — Spillover from Jos crises; sporadic Kaduna-southern violence.
18 April 2011 — Post-election violence. After the announcement of Goodluck Jonathan's victory over Muhammadu Buhari, the worst single post-election violence in Nigerian history erupts across the North. Kaduna is the epicentre. At least 800 killed nationally (HRW), including the National Youth Service Corps members who were election officials (10 NYSC members killed in Bauchi but several also in Kaduna). Sabon Gari Kaduna and Zaria again torched.Election Crisis Pattern
November 2012 — Kaduna ECWA Church bombings (Boko Haram); 11 killed.Northern Abandonment Cycle
June 2014 — Boko Haram bombings at Kaduna Central Market and at General Buhari's convoy (Kawo); over 25 killed.Northern Abandonment Cycle