Nigeria Law

Reference

Glossary

The constitutional, legal and political terms that recur in the archive — defined plainly, cited where applicable.

Terms of the Republic

Federal Character
Constitutional requirement (CFRN §14(3)) for equitable representation from all states in federal appointments.
Gross Misconduct
Under CFRN §188(11) and §143(11): grave violation of the Constitution, bribery, corruption, or false declaration of assets — the ground for impeachment.
Nolle Prosequi
The Attorney-General's discretionary power under CFRN §§174 and 211 to discontinue any criminal proceedings instituted by them or against any other person.
Doctrine of Necessity
Resolution of the National Assembly, 9 February 2010, empowering Vice-President Goodluck Jonathan to act as President during the incapacitation of President Yar'Adua. Not in the Constitution; politically binding.
Quasi-Federalism
Descriptor of Nigeria's actual fiscal architecture: constitutional federalism with concentrated federal revenue-control through the Federation Account, NNPC and customs receipts.
Federation Account
CFRN §162. The pool into which all federally collected revenue (minus VAT and personal income tax on FCT residents) is paid, for monthly distribution to the three tiers of government.
Locus Standi
The right of a party to bring an action before a court. In constitutional litigation, considerably broadened post-Gani Fawehinmi v. Akilu (1987).
Stare Decisis
The doctrine of binding precedent. Decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on every court in the Federation.
Decree
Pre-1999 instrument of military legislation. Functionally equivalent to an Act of Parliament; under the regime that issued it, superior even to the Constitution then in force.
Edict
Pre-1999 state-level instrument of military legislation, the state equivalent of a Decree.
Code of Conduct Bureau
Established by CFRN 5th Schedule, Part I. Receives asset declarations from public officers; refers contested matters to the Code of Conduct Tribunal.
Public Officer
Defined in CFRN 5th Schedule, Part II. Includes the President, VP, Governors, deputies, ministers, members of the National Assembly, judges, civil servants from CONTISS 7+, and many statutory officers.
Concurrent Legislative List
CFRN 2nd Schedule, Part II. Matters on which both the National Assembly and State Houses of Assembly may legislate.
Exclusive Legislative List
CFRN 2nd Schedule, Part I. 68 items reserved for the National Assembly alone. Devolution debate centres on this list.
Reserved Matters
Items not on either legislative list. Residual to the States by virtue of CFRN §4(7).
Forfeiture
Court-ordered loss of property either as proceeds of crime (s. 7, ACJA 2015) or under specific statutes (EFCC Act, ICPC Act). Interim, final, and non-conviction-based forfeiture each have distinct procedures.
Methodology

Tier 1 · primary

Courts. Gazettes. National archives.

Tier 2 · corroborating

OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.

Redline

Wikipedia is never a source.