Nigeria Law

Chapter II · Law

The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999

As amended by the First through Fifth Alteration Acts. 320 sections in eight chapters, plus seven schedules. The supreme law of the land.

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The Eight Chapters

I.Ch. I · §§1–12

General Provisions

Supremacy of the Constitution. Federation and its territories. Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy.

12 sections

III.Ch. III · §§25–32

Citizenship

Citizenship by birth, registration and naturalisation. Dual citizenship, renunciation, deprivation.

8 sections

IV.Ch. IV · §§33–46

Fundamental Rights

Right to life, dignity, personal liberty, fair hearing, private and family life, freedom of thought, expression, assembly, movement, freedom from discrimination — and the enforcement procedure.

14 sections

V.Ch. V · §§47–129

The Legislature

National Assembly: Senate and House of Representatives. Powers, qualifications, elections, sittings, committees, the legislative process itself.

83 sections

VI.Ch. VI · §§130–229

The Executive

President, Vice-President, Ministers, the Public Service. State executives: Governors, Deputies, Commissioners. Establishment and removal procedures.

100 sections

VII.Ch. VII · §§230–296

The Judicature

Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Federal High Court, FCT High Court, State High Courts, Sharia and Customary Courts of Appeal. Appointment, tenure, jurisdiction.

67 sections

The Five Alterations

1st2010

Constitution (First Alteration) Act, 2010

Electoral timeline reform, independence of INEC, by-election timeframes following the Yar'Adua transition.

Act No. 1, 2010

2nd2010

Constitution (Second Alteration) Act, 2010

Pre-election matters and pre-election timelines, election-petition timelines (180 days).

Act No. 2, 2010

3rd2010

Constitution (Third Alteration) Act, 2010

Establishment of the National Industrial Court as a superior court of record under §254A–F.

Act No. 3, 2010

4th2017

Constitution (Fourth Alteration) Acts, 2017–2018

Series of alterations: financial autonomy for the legislature and judiciary at state level, the 'Not Too Young To Run' age reductions for elective office, deletion of redundant law-making provisions.

Acts Nos. 1–9, 2017–18

5th2023

Constitution (Fifth Alteration) Acts, 2023

Devolution of powers: electricity, railway, prisons (correctional services) moved from the Exclusive to the Concurrent List. State Houses of Assembly and Local Government financial autonomy. Streetlights and refuse on the Concurrent List.

Acts Nos. 1–16, 2023

Methodology

Tier 1 · primary

Courts. Gazettes. National archives.

Tier 2 · corroborating

OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.

Redline

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