- Bornu pacification campaigns (1902–1907) — British WAFF patrols against Kanembu, Bedde and Manga resistance; capital relocated from Kukawa to Yerwa (Maiduguri) 1907.
- The Dikwa partition (1902–1961) — Borno east of the Ebeji administered first by Germany (1902–1916), then by Britain as part of the Cameroons Mandate; one Borno emirate fold under three flags for 59 years.
- 1929 Income Tax revolt (Borno Province) — northern echo of the southern Aba Women's War; jangali (cattle tax) protests in Damaturu and Geidam.Impunity Loop
- WW2 conscription and forced labour (1939–1945) — Borno men recruited for the East Africa and Burma campaigns under the West African Frontier Force.
Borno State · Crisis deep dive
Colonial — pacification, taxes and the German interlude (1900–1960)
Methodology
Tier 1 · primary
Courts. Gazettes. National archives.
Tier 2 · corroborating
OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.
Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged
Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.