The Republic
All stories

State Visitevent14 July 2011 · 31 August 2018· Chapter 145

Angela Merkel — Two Visits, Two Presidents

German Chancellor Angela Merkel makes two working visits — Goodluck Jonathan's Abuja in 2011 to discuss Boko Haram and energy, and Muhammadu Buhari's Abuja in 2018 to discuss migration deterrence and German vocational training for the Nigerian diaspora.

Listen to this story0:00 / —:—

Chancellor Angela Merkel's first Nigeria visit on 14 July 2011 was the first by a sitting German head of government in over two decades. She was received at the Presidential Villa by Goodluck Jonathan, signed a Joint Declaration on Renewable Energy Cooperation (the technical basis for subsequent GIZ work on the Nigerian rural electrification programme), and held a press conference at which she described Nigeria as 'Germany's most important partner in Sub-Saharan Africa'. The Jos and Maiduguri Boko Haram attacks dominated the security file.

Her second visit on 31 August 2018 was the closing leg of a three-country West Africa tour (Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria) explicitly framed around the European migration crisis. With Muhammadu Buhari at the Presidential Villa she discussed the readmission of Nigerian asylum-seekers refused by Germany, the EU Trust Fund for Africa, and the expansion of the 'Skills Initiative for Africa' that placed Nigerian tertiary graduates in German vocational training. The visit also produced a controversial migration-readmission MOU that Nigerian civil-society organisations criticised as one-sided. Merkel left office in 2021 having visited Nigeria more often than any other German Chancellor in the country's history.

Era context

The political and economic reality

The government(s), economy and national reality across the period 2011–2018.

President · Fourth Republic

Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan

2010–2015· PDP

National reality

GDP rebasing April 2014 made Nigeria Africa's largest economy. Chibok abduction 14 April 2014 (276 girls). Sovereign Wealth Fund established 2012. Fuel-subsidy protests January 2012. Lost the 2015 election — first incumbent defeated.

Crises of the period

  • #OccupyNigeria fuel-subsidy protests (Jan 2012)
  • Chibok abduction (Apr 2014)
  • Boko Haram caliphate at peak (2014)
  • Oil price crash from mid-2014

GDP (World Bank)

$369 bn (2010) → $546 bn (2014, post-rebasing — largest African economy)

Cabinet (selected portfolios)

  • Finance

    Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (Coordinating Minister of the Economy)

  • Education

    Ruqayyatu Ahmed Rufa'i; Ibrahim Shekarau

  • Petroleum

    Diezani Alison-Madueke

Sources · Federal Gazette 2010–15 · NBS GDP rebasing report 2014

President · Fourth Republic

Muhammadu Buhari

2015–2023· APC

National reality

Two recessions (2016, 2020). Multiple naira devaluations. ASUU strike of 2022 closed federal universities for ~9 months. End SARS protests (Oct 2020); Lekki Toll Gate incident. Out-of-school children >18 million by 2022.

Crises of the period

  • 2016 recession + FX crisis
  • End SARS + Lekki Toll Gate (Oct 2020)
  • COVID-19 lockdown (2020)
  • 9-month ASUU strike (2022)
  • Naira redesign chaos (Q1 2023)

GDP (World Bank)

$494 bn (2015) → $477 bn (2022)

Cabinet (selected portfolios)

  • Finance

    Kemi Adeosun (2015–18); Zainab Ahmed (2018–23)

  • Justice (AGF)

    Abubakar Malami (SAN)

  • Education

    Mallam Adamu Adamu (2015–23)

  • Petroleum

    Muhammadu Buhari (concurrent); Min. of State Ibe Kachikwu then Timipre Sylva

Sources · Federal Gazette 2015–23 · CBN · NBS

The Republic — Weekly

One article a week. Stories, consorts, records, heroes — on a four-week rotation.

Methodology

Tier 1 · primary

Courts. Gazettes. National archives.

Tier 2 · corroborating

OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.

Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged

Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.