Era II — Fourth Republic & democratic violence (1999–2015) — Gombe State

2005 Funakaye communal clash — Fulani-Bolewa clashes over Gongola floodplain grazing rights; ~30 killed.Climate-Conflict Escalator
2010 Gombe central mosque bombing (28 December 2010) — Boko Haram VBIED kills 6 and injures 26 outside the central mosque after Hajj-return prayers — the first major BH attack outside Borno/Yobe.Northern Abandonment Cycle
2011 post-election violence (April 2011) — Buhari/CPC supporters attack PDP and NEPU offices in Gombe town and Akko; 12 killed across the state in the 2011 post-election riots.Election Crisis Pattern
2014 Boko Haram Gombe campaign — attacks at Pantami market (1 Nov 2014 — 12 killed), Gombe central market (31 Oct 2014), and the Government Science Secondary School Gombe; the state becomes a designated "front-line" state under the National Emergency Management Agency.Northern Abandonment Cycle
2015 polling-day bombings (28 March 2015) — twin suicide bombings at Gombe polling units kill 7 voters; election proceeds.