- Aro Expedition casualty estimate (1901–02): c. 400 Aro-coalition dead (British figure); thousands across the Bende-Itu-Abakaliki sweep (Igbo oral tradition).
- Ezza-Ezillo cumulative deaths (1995–2024): c. 1,500–2,000; 150,000+ displaced.
- MSF blood-lead findings (Enyigba/Ameka, 2010–2012): 5–10× WHO action threshold in children under 5.
- Ebonyi LGA-level violence ranking (ACLED 2020–2024): Ohaukwu, Ezza South and Effium consistently in Nigeria's top-50 LGAs for communal-violence deaths.
Ebonyi State · Crisis deep dive
Statistics
Methodology
Tier 1 · primary
Courts. Gazettes. National archives.
Tier 2 · corroborating
OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.
Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged
Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.