- April 1906 — Killing of trader Wills at Abinsi triggers the first Munshi Patrol; British WAFF column burns 17 villages along the Katsina-Ala.
- 1907–1908 — Ruxton's Munshi Expedition. Three-column WAFF operation across Tivland; estimated several hundred Tiv killed, 'warrant chiefs' imposed in defiance of segmentary custom.
Benue State · Crisis deep dive
Charter / Protectorate (1885–1914)
Methodology
Tier 1 · primary
Courts. Gazettes. National archives.
Tier 2 · corroborating
OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.
Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged
Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.