Fourth Republic — Obasanjo II (1999–2007) — Bayelsa State

20 November 1999 — Odi Massacre. Federal troops under Operation Hakuri II raze the Bayelsa town of Odi (Kolokuma/Opokuma LGA) after 12 policemen are killed by local militants. Environmental Rights Action puts the death toll at 2,483; the town is almost completely destroyed. President Obasanjo apologises only in 2013. See Odi Massacre.Impunity Loop
2003–2006 — MEND insurgency matures: Henry Okah, Ateke Tom, Tompolo (Government Ekpemupolo) organise across Bayelsa, Rivers and Delta. Oil-installation bombings cut Nigerian production by 25–40% at peak (2006–08).Grievance-to-Insurgency Pipeline Northern Abandonment Cycle
December 2005 — Diepreye Alamieyeseigha (Bayelsa Governor 1999–2005) jumps UK bail dressed as a woman, returns to Nigeria, is impeached by the Bayelsa Assembly (9 December 2005), convicted on six counts of corruption (July 2007), pardoned by President Goodluck Jonathan (March 2013) — a sequence the EFCC has never fully recovered from.