Colonial (1900–1960) — Anambra State

Ekumeku Wars (1898–1911) — Western Igbo guerrilla resistance against the RNC and successor Crown administration. Multiple punitive expeditions burn Ubulu-Uku, Ogwashi-Uku and parts of Asaba.
Anglo-Aro War (December 1901 – March 1902) — Sir Ralph Moor's four-column expedition under Lt-Col Arthur Festing destroys the Long Juju and opens Anambra hinterland to direct colonial administration.
1929 Aba Women's War echo — protests in Onitsha Province against warrant-chief taxation; 2 women shot at Owerrinta on the Anambra-Imo border (December 1929).Impunity Loop
1949 Iva Valley shootings (Enugu, then East Central) — colonial police shoot 21 Onitsha–Enugu mineworkers; the contemporary Anambra commercial class organises one of the largest market boycotts of the colonial era at Onitsha Main Market.Impunity Loop