The Republic
Commission & Inquiry Reports

Late Colonial1955· Fate: Partially implemented· Chapter II · Law

Bridges Commission on Nigerianisation

Chair: Sir Edgar Parry Bridges. Federal commission on the pace of Nigerianisation of the senior civil service ahead of self-government.

The dossier

Formal title
Report of the Commission on the Public Services of the Federation and the Regions (Nigerianisation)
Chair
Sir Edgar Parry Bridges
Convened by
The Governor-General, Federal Government of Nigeria
Inaugurated
1954
Submitted
1955
Published
Lagos, Federal Government Printer, 1955
Status
Partially implemented — timetable accelerated by political pressure after 1957

Terms of reference

To examine the structure and staffing of the public services and recommend the pace and method of replacing expatriate officers with Nigerians.

What it found

  • Nigerians held only a small minority of senior posts; the administrative and technical cadres were almost entirely expatriate.
  • The supply of qualified Nigerians was the binding constraint in the technical services, not policy.
  • Regionalisation of the service under the 1954 Constitution complicated any single federal timetable.

What it recommended

  • A phased Nigerianisation, with expatriate officers compensated on retirement (the 'lump sum' scheme).
  • Expansion of scholarship and training schemes to build the technical cadre.
  • Separate Public Service Commissions for the Federation and each Region.

What became of it

The phased timetable was overtaken by self-government in the East and West (1957) and by independence itself: expatriates left faster than replacements were trained, and the senior cadre was staffed by rapid promotion. The compensation scheme created the template for the 'golden handshake', and the shortage the report warned of shaped the technical weakness of the service through the 1960s.

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The Commission on the Public Services of the Governments in the Federation of Nigeria was constituted in 1954 by the Council of Ministers under the new Lyttleton Constitution, and reported in 1955. It was chaired by Sir Edgar Parry Bridges (after whom it is informally known as the Bridges Commission), and followed the earlier Foot Commission (1948) and Phillipson–Adebo Report (1953) on the Nigerianisation of the civil service.

The Commission's mandate was to determine: (i) the proper organisation of the federal and regional public services under the new constitution; (ii) the conditions of service for expatriate (overwhelmingly British) and Nigerian officers; and (iii) the pace at which Nigerian officers should be promoted into the "super-scale" senior positions then dominated by Colonial Service personnel. It received memoranda from the Federal Public Service Commission, the three Regional governments, the Nigerian Union of Civil Servants, and individual officers.

The report recommended a graduated Nigerianisation: priority for Nigerian appointment to all vacancies for which a qualified Nigerian was available, generous "compensation for loss of career" terms (the Lump Sum Compensation Scheme) to encourage expatriate retirement, and a substantial overseas-training programme. It also entrenched separate federal and regional public service commissions — a structure carried forward into the 1960 Independence Constitution and ultimately Chapter VI of the 1999 Constitution. Implementation was uneven: at independence in 1960, expatriates still held a majority of super-scale posts, and full Nigerianisation of the federal civil service was not achieved until the early 1970s. The Bridges scheme nevertheless established the legal and financial template for the orderly handover of the colonial administration.

What it cost — political & economic reality

The political and economic reality

Nigeria in 1955: who was in charge, the cabinet of the day, the GDP, and the crises that defined the period.

British colonial administration

Sir Frederick Lugard → Sir James Robertson

1900–1960

National reality

Amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates (1914) under indirect rule. Marketing boards extracted cocoa, palm oil and groundnut surpluses; political agitation built through the press and the trade union movement.

Crises of the period

  • Aba Women's War (1929)
  • Iva Valley shooting of striking miners (1949)
  • Kano riots (1953)

GDP (World Bank)

Pre-independence; no national accounts series

Cabinet (selected portfolios)

Full ministerial roster being compiled.

Government administered by Governors-General and Residents. The first indigenous federal ministers were appointed under the 1954 Lyttelton Constitution.

Source · Toyin Falola, A History of Nigeria (CUP, 2008)

Methodology

Tier 1 · primary

Courts. Gazettes. National archives.

Tier 2 · corroborating

OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.

Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged

Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.