In January 1962 Nelson Mandela, then a 43-year-old ANC operative working underground inside South Africa as the head of Umkhonto we Sizwe, slipped out of the country on a forged passport bearing the name 'David Motsamayi'. The trip, financed by the Pan-African Freedom Movement of East, Central and Southern Africa (PAFMECSA), took him to Tanganyika, Sudan, Ethiopia, Morocco, Algeria, Ghana, Senegal, Liberia and Nigeria, ending in London. The Lagos stop, recorded by the Nelson Mandela Foundation as one of his pre-imprisonment foreign visits, brought him into contact with sympathetic officials in Balewa's government and with the small ANC support network in Lagos. Mandela left Lagos for Algiers, where he underwent six months of guerrilla training with the FLN — training he never had the chance to deploy, as he was arrested on the road outside Howick on 5 August 1962 and would not leave a South African prison cell until 11 February 1990.
State VisiteventJanuary 1962· Chapter 52
Nelson Mandela's Clandestine 1962 Lagos Trip
On his only foreign tour as a free man before twenty-seven years of imprisonment, the future president of South Africa stops in Lagos en route to military training in Algeria — and meets sympathetic figures in Balewa's government to seek logistical support for the armed wing of the ANC.
Era context
The political and economic reality
The government(s), economy and national reality across the period 1962–1962.
Prime Minister · First Republic
Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
1960–1966· NPC
National reality
Independence on 1 October 1960. Regional rivalries (NPC, NCNC, AG) dominated politics. Awolowo treason trial (1962–63). Western Region crisis (1962–65) and the disputed 1964 federal election destabilised the Republic.
Crises of the period
- Action Group crisis (1962)
- Western Region election violence (1965)
- January 15, 1966 coup — Balewa, Ahmadu Bello and Akintola killed
GDP (World Bank)
≈ $4.2 bn (1960, World Bank)
Cabinet (selected portfolios)
- Finance
Festus Okotie-Eboh
- Justice (AGF)
Dr. Taslim Olawale Elias
- Defence
Sir Muhammadu Ribadu
- Foreign Affairs
Jaja Wachuku
- Education
Aja Nwachukwu
Sources · Federal Gazette 1960–66 · Falola & Heaton (2008)
Tier 1 · primary
Courts. Gazettes. National archives.
Tier 2 · corroborating
OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.
Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged
Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.