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Constitutionalevent★ Pivotal · legal1946 — first regional structure imposed without consultation· Chapter 41

The Richards Constitution

Governor Sir Arthur Richards's constitution of 1946 created the three regions — North, West, East — that would define Nigerian federalism. Imposed without African consultation; bitterly opposed by Azikiwe and the NCNC.

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Sir Arthur Richards (Governor 1943–1948) promulgated the 1946 constitution to replace the Clifford Constitution of 1922. It introduced three Regional Houses of Assembly (Northern, Western, Eastern) with limited deliberative powers and a central Legislative Council in Lagos — the first time Nigerians from across the country sat in a single legislature with formal representation from the North. Crucially, the constitution was drafted in London and proclaimed without consulting Nigerian opinion.

Nnamdi Azikiwe and the NCNC mounted a national tour against the constitution in 1947, presenting petitions to the Colonial Office in London. The agitation forced its replacement within five years by the Macpherson Constitution (1951), but Richards's regional template — with all its centrifugal consequences — survived every subsequent constitutional revision and remains the foundation of modern Nigerian federalism.

Era context

The political and economic reality

The government(s), economy and national reality across the period 1946–1951.

British colonial administration

Sir Frederick Lugard → Sir James Robertson

1900–1960

National reality

Amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates (1914) under indirect rule. Marketing boards extracted cocoa, palm oil and groundnut surpluses; political agitation built through the press and the trade union movement.

Crises of the period

  • Aba Women's War (1929)
  • Iva Valley shooting of striking miners (1949)
  • Kano riots (1953)

GDP (World Bank)

Pre-independence; no national accounts series

Cabinet (selected portfolios)

Full ministerial roster being compiled.

Government administered by Governors-General and Residents. The first indigenous federal ministers were appointed under the 1954 Lyttelton Constitution.

Source · Toyin Falola, A History of Nigeria (CUP, 2008)

The Republic — Weekly

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Methodology

Tier 1 · primary

Courts. Gazettes. National archives.

Tier 2 · corroborating

OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.

Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged

Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.