Pre-colonial & colonial (pre-1960)

1893–94 Kano Civil War (*Basasa*) between Yusuf and Tukur — succession war that left the throne weakened on the eve of the British conquest.
3 February 1903 — British WAFF takes Kano; brief artillery duel at the city walls; Emir Aliyu Babba flees and is later deposed.
16–19 May 1953 — Kano Riots. Anti-southern violence in Sabon Gari Kano after Action Group's "self-government 1956" tour; 36 killed officially (Northern Region Govt White Paper); independent estimates 200+.Unprosecuted Massacre Cycle

Methodology

Tier 1 · primary

Courts. Gazettes. National archives.

Tier 2 · corroborating

OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.

Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged

Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.