Era 0 — Colonial (1900–1960) — Jigawa State

3 Feb 1903 — Battle of Kano; Hadejia and Kazaure submit without firing a shot.
April 1906 — Hadejia Expedition. Emir Muhammadu Mai-Shahada and 70 followers killed in the palace courtyard by Lt. Col. Hasler's WAFF column after Mai-Shahada refused to remit the new colonial tax. Largest single act of colonial violence in the territory of the modern state.
1908–1912 — Cowrie demonetisation enforcement. District Officers forcibly collect the colonial direct tax in shillings; Hadejia farmers riot at Garki and Auyo, 1909. No deaths recorded; ringleaders flogged.
1929 — Hadejia–Auyo tax protests. Peasant refusals to pay the new direct tax at the rate fixed by the District Officer (cowrie-to-shilling conversion punitive). Crushed without bloodshed; 200 villagers fined.
1953 — Kano Riots (which the present-day Jigawa LGAs of Ringim and Taura formed part of as Kano Province). 36 killed. See Kano Riots 1953.Unprosecuted Massacre Cycle