First Republic & Civil War (1960–1970) — Enugu State

1966 Pogroms — Northern Igbo refugees flood Enugu (May, July & September–October 1966) — Enugu was the principal eastern reception point for an estimated 30,000+ Igbo killed in the North and 1.5+ million displaced. Eastern Region capital under Premier Michael Okpara, then Military Governor Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu. See 1966 Pogroms.
★ BIAFRA — Enugu as capital (30 May 1967 – 4 October 1967) ★ — the secessionist Republic of Biafra proclaimed at the Eastern House of Assembly, Enugu, on 30 May 1967. Enugu fell to Federal 1 Division under Col. Mohammed Shuwa on 4 October 1967 — the first major federal advance of the war. The Biafran capital relocated to Umuahia, then Owerri. See Biafra.
Asaba Massacre spillover (7 Oct 1967) — Federal 2 Division atrocities at Asaba (across the Niger from Enugu State's western flank) generated a refugee inflow into Awgu and Oji River.
Federal occupation 1967–70 — Enugu under martial-law administration; the colliery never fully recovered.