First Republic / Civil War (1960–1970) — Akwa Ibom State

1966 Eastern pogroms — Akwa Ibom indigenes resident in the North returned in their tens of thousands; the federal–Biafra split forced a sharp choice on the minority Ibibio-Annang-Oron leadership.
South-Eastern State minorities movement (1967) — Ibibio Union and Oron leaders publicly backed Gowon's creation of South-Eastern State to escape Igbo political dominance — the proximate trigger for Decree 14 (27 May 1967).
Biafran Civil War (Jul 1967 – Jan 1970) — Biafra occupies South-Eastern State from August 1967; Calabar falls to the 3 Marine Commando Division (Adekunle) on 18 October 1967; Uyo, Eket and Oron change hands repeatedly. The Oron massacre (1967–68, estimates 200–2,000) is recorded by Oron community sources; the Uyo bombings of 1968 hit civilian markets. The conflict ends with the Federal seizure of Owerri in January 1970.
Abandoned Property crisis (1970–79) — Ibibio and Annang returnees from Port Harcourt and Lagos lose property under the post-war Abandoned Property Edicts; the most lasting civil grievance of the post-war South-South.