Protests against the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) erupted in October 2020 after a viral video of an extrajudicial killing in Delta State. SARS was dissolved on 11 October. On 20 October, soldiers and police opened fire on protesters at the Lekki Toll Gate, Lagos. The Lagos State Judicial Panel of Inquiry (Justice Doris Okuwobi) found a 'massacre in context' in its November 2021 report.
Buhari II2020· ≈ 56 deaths nationally· Chapter IV · Record
End SARS
8–21 October 2020. SARS dissolved 11 October. Lekki Toll Gate, 20 October. Lagos State Judicial Panel of Inquiry report, November 2021.
Sources
- · Lagos State Judicial Panel of Inquiry Report (Nov 2021)
- · Amnesty International Report (2020)
What it cost — political & economic reality
The political and economic reality
Nigeria in 2020: who was in charge, the cabinet of the day, the GDP, and the crises that defined the period.
President · Fourth Republic
Muhammadu Buhari
2015–2023· APC
National reality
Two recessions (2016, 2020). Multiple naira devaluations. ASUU strike of 2022 closed federal universities for ~9 months. End SARS protests (Oct 2020); Lekki Toll Gate incident. Out-of-school children >18 million by 2022.
Crises of the period
- 2016 recession + FX crisis
- End SARS + Lekki Toll Gate (Oct 2020)
- COVID-19 lockdown (2020)
- 9-month ASUU strike (2022)
- Naira redesign chaos (Q1 2023)
GDP (World Bank)
$494 bn (2015) → $477 bn (2022)
Cabinet (selected portfolios)
- Finance
Kemi Adeosun (2015–18); Zainab Ahmed (2018–23)
- Justice (AGF)
Abubakar Malami (SAN)
- Education
Mallam Adamu Adamu (2015–23)
- Petroleum
Muhammadu Buhari (concurrent); Min. of State Ibe Kachikwu then Timipre Sylva
Source: Federal Gazette 2015–23; CBN; NBS
Methodology
Tier 1 · primary
Courts. Gazettes. National archives.
Tier 2 · corroborating
OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.
Redline
Wikipedia is never a source.