Nigeria Law
Protests & Uprisings

Annulment1993· ≈ 100 deaths· Chapter IV · Record

Campaign for Democracy protests

Lagos protests against the June 12 annulment. NADECO formed (May 1994). Multiple Lagos market closures throughout 1993–1998.

Following the 23 June 1993 annulment of the presidential election won by MKO Abiola, the Campaign for Democracy (Beko Ransome-Kuti) and later NADECO led waves of stay-at-home protests, oil-worker strikes (NUPENG/PENGASSAN, 1994) and market closures. The cumulative death toll across 1993–1998 is estimated at around 100.

Sources

  • · Oputa Panel Report, Vol. 4 (2002)
  • · HRW: Permanent Transition (1996)

What it cost — political & economic reality

The political and economic reality

Nigeria in 1993: who was in charge, the cabinet of the day, the GDP, and the crises that defined the period.

Military President

Gen. Ibrahim Babangida

1985–1993

National reality

Structural Adjustment Programme from 1986 — devaluation of the naira, deregulation, austerity that has, in real terms, never been recovered. Dele Giwa murdered by parcel bomb (1986). Annulled the 12 June 1993 election.

Crises of the period

  • SAP 1986
  • Dele Giwa assassination (1986)
  • Orkar coup attempt (1990)
  • Annulment of June 12, 1993

GDP (World Bank)

$30 bn (1985) → $15 bn (1993, post-SAP devaluation)

Cabinet (selected portfolios)

  • Education

    Prof. A. Babs Fafunwa (1990–92)

  • Finance

    Chu Okongwu; Olu Falae; Kalu Idika Kalu

Source: Federal Military Government Gazette 1985–93; CBN

Head of State · Military

Gen. Sani Abacha

1993–1998

National reality

Most repressive military regime in Nigerian history. Ogoni Nine hanged 10 November 1995 — Nigeria suspended from the Commonwealth. Abiola died in detention 7 July 1998. Abacha died 8 June 1998. Estimated $3–5 billion looted.

Crises of the period

  • Ogoni Nine execution (1995)
  • Commonwealth suspension 1995–99
  • Kudirat Abiola assassination (1996)
  • Abiola death in detention (1998)

GDP (World Bank)

$18 bn (1994) → $33 bn (1998)

Cabinet (selected portfolios)

Full ministerial roster being compiled.

Provisional Ruling Council. Full ministerial roster being compiled.

Source: HRW Nigeria reports 1994–98; Oputa Panel Report

Methodology

Tier 1 · primary

Courts. Gazettes. National archives.

Tier 2 · corroborating

OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.

Redline

Wikipedia is never a source.