Signed 25 February 2022 after multiple withholdings of presidential assent. §47 codifies smart-card readers and the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS). §50(2) permits electronic transmission of results to the INEC Result Viewing portal (IReV). §84 sets timeframes for primary elections. Tested in the 2023 general election with deeply contested results; the Supreme Court in PDP v. INEC (2023) held that real-time transmission was not strictly mandatory.
Electoral2022Fourth Republic (Buhari II)· Act No. 13, 2022
Electoral Act, 2022
Legal basis for BVAS, IReV, electronic transmission of results, early release of campaign funds, primary-election timelines.
Standard citation
Electoral Act, 2022 (Act No. 13, 2022), Federal Republic of Nigeria.
The political & economic reality at enactment
The political and economic reality
Nigeria in 2022: who was in charge, the cabinet of the day, the GDP, and the crises that defined the period of this Act's commencement.
President · Fourth Republic
Muhammadu Buhari
2015–2023· APC
National reality
Two recessions (2016, 2020). Multiple naira devaluations. ASUU strike of 2022 closed federal universities for ~9 months. End SARS protests (Oct 2020); Lekki Toll Gate incident. Out-of-school children >18 million by 2022.
Crises of the period
- 2016 recession + FX crisis
- End SARS + Lekki Toll Gate (Oct 2020)
- COVID-19 lockdown (2020)
- 9-month ASUU strike (2022)
- Naira redesign chaos (Q1 2023)
GDP (World Bank)
$494 bn (2015) → $477 bn (2022)
Cabinet (selected portfolios)
- Finance
Kemi Adeosun (2015–18); Zainab Ahmed (2018–23)
- Justice (AGF)
Abubakar Malami (SAN)
- Education
Mallam Adamu Adamu (2015–23)
- Petroleum
Muhammadu Buhari (concurrent); Min. of State Ibe Kachikwu then Timipre Sylva
Sources · Federal Gazette 2015–23 · CBN · NBS
Methodology
Tier 1 · primary
Courts. Gazettes. National archives.
Tier 2 · corroborating
OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.
Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged
Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.