Re-enacted (the original 2002 Act was repealed) following pressure from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). EFCC operates as the primary investigative body for advance-fee fraud (419), money laundering, terrorism financing, and capital-market offences. Chairmen: Nuhu Ribadu (2003–07), Farida Waziri (2008–11), Ibrahim Lamorde (2012–15), Ibrahim Magu (acting 2015–20), Abdulrasheed Bawa (2021–23), Ola Olukoyede (2023–).
Anti-Corruption2004Fourth Republic (Obasanjo II)· Act No. 1, 2004
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Establishment) Act, 2004
EFCC's enabling Act — investigation and prosecution of economic and financial crimes.
Standard citation
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Establishment) Act, 2004 (Act No. 1, 2004), Federal Republic of Nigeria.
The political & economic reality at enactment
The political and economic reality
Nigeria in 2004: who was in charge, the cabinet of the day, the GDP, and the crises that defined the period of this Act's commencement.
President · Fourth Republic
Chief Olusegun Obasanjo
1999–2007· PDP
National reality
Return to civilian rule, 29 May 1999. Telecoms deregulation (2001) — GSM revolution. Paris Club exit, October 2005 ($30 bn debt relief, Okonjo-Iweala). Pension Reform 2004. EFCC established 2003.
Crises of the period
- Third Term agenda defeated 2006
- Niger Delta militancy intensifies
- ASUU strikes; Sharia introduction in 12 northern states
GDP (World Bank)
$59 bn (1999) → $166 bn (2007)
Cabinet (selected portfolios)
- Finance
Adamu Ciroma (1999–2003); Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (2003–06)
- Education
Tunde Adeniran; Babalola Borishade; Fabian Osuji; Chinwe Obaji; Oby Ezekwesili
- Health
Prof. ABC Nwosu
Sources · Federal Gazette 1999–2007 · CBN · World Bank WDI
Methodology
Tier 1 · primary
Courts. Gazettes. National archives.
Tier 2 · corroborating
OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.
Tier 4 · tertiary, flagged
Wikipedia only where primary is pending. Always labelled.