The National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) was formed 15 May 1994 by Anthony Enahoro, Bola Tinubu, Olu Falae and others to demand restoration of Abiola's mandate. Ken Saro-Wiwa and the Ogoni Nine were hanged on 10 November 1995 — Nigeria was suspended from the Commonwealth two days later. Kudirat Abiola was assassinated 4 June 1996. Many activists died in exile or detention. Abacha died 8 June 1998. Abiola died in detention on 7 July 1998, hours before his planned release. Abdulsalami Abubakar's transition produced the 1999 Constitution.
Resistance1993 — 1998· Chapter 10
The Long 1990s
NADECO. The Ogoni Nine. The Abacha years. Death by dialysis, death by hanging, death by parcel bomb.
Source: HRW Nigeria 1995, 1998; Oputa Panel Report
Era context
The political and economic reality
The government(s), economy and national reality across the period 1993–1998.
Military President
Gen. Ibrahim Babangida
1985–1993
National reality
Structural Adjustment Programme from 1986 — devaluation of the naira, deregulation, austerity that has, in real terms, never been recovered. Dele Giwa murdered by parcel bomb (1986). Annulled the 12 June 1993 election.
Crises of the period
- SAP 1986
- Dele Giwa assassination (1986)
- Orkar coup attempt (1990)
- Annulment of June 12, 1993
GDP (World Bank)
$30 bn (1985) → $15 bn (1993, post-SAP devaluation)
Cabinet (selected portfolios)
- Education
Prof. A. Babs Fafunwa (1990–92)
- Finance
Chu Okongwu; Olu Falae; Kalu Idika Kalu
Source: Federal Military Government Gazette 1985–93; CBN
Head of State · Military
Gen. Sani Abacha
1993–1998
National reality
Most repressive military regime in Nigerian history. Ogoni Nine hanged 10 November 1995 — Nigeria suspended from the Commonwealth. Abiola died in detention 7 July 1998. Abacha died 8 June 1998. Estimated $3–5 billion looted.
Crises of the period
- Ogoni Nine execution (1995)
- Commonwealth suspension 1995–99
- Kudirat Abiola assassination (1996)
- Abiola death in detention (1998)
GDP (World Bank)
$18 bn (1994) → $33 bn (1998)
Cabinet (selected portfolios)
Full ministerial roster being compiled.
Provisional Ruling Council. Full ministerial roster being compiled.
Source: HRW Nigeria reports 1994–98; Oputa Panel Report
Methodology
Tier 1 · primary
Courts. Gazettes. National archives.
Tier 2 · corroborating
OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.
Redline
Wikipedia is never a source.