Nigeria Law
Back to all heroes

Chapter V · People · Hero H030

Archbishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther

Africa's First Anglican Bishop — Translated the Bible into Yoruba

Summary

Former slave who became the first African Anglican bishop in modern history (1864). Captured as a child in a Fulani raid and sold into slavery, he was freed by the British Navy and educated in Sierra Leone and England. He produced the first Yoruba-language Bible translation, a Yoruba dictionary, and grammars for Hausa and Igbo, laying the foundations of literacy in Nigeria's major languages.

Record

Born

c.1809

Died

31 December 1891

State / origin

Oyo (Osogun)

Category

religion

Era

colonial

Legal link

s.38 — freedom of religion; s.18 — education objectives; historical context of missionary literacy

Documented contributions

  • 01Consecrated as Bishop of the Niger Territories in 1864 — first African Anglican bishop in modern history
  • 02Translated the Bible and Book of Common Prayer into Yoruba
  • 03Compiled the first Yoruba dictionary and grammar (1843, 1852)
  • 04Produced Igbo and Hausa language grammars and vocabularies
  • 05His literacy work underpins all subsequent education in Yoruba, enabling millions to read and write in their own language

Sources

Guardian Nigeria (2020); Church of England historical records; University of Birmingham archive

https://guardian.ng/opinion/heroes-of-the-struggle-for-nigerias-independence-pioneer-political-professional-and-business-leaders/

Era context

Period falls outside the currently catalogued administrations — being compiled.

Methodology

Tier 1 · primary

Courts. Gazettes. National archives.

Tier 2 · corroborating

OCCRP. HRW. BudgIT. TheCable.

Redline

Wikipedia is never a source.