What keeps it alive
ENI (Italian state energy company) is one of the largest oil operators in Nigeria, particularly in the Niger Delta and offshore. ENI has faced legal proceedings in both Italy and Nigeria over alleged bribery related to OPL 245 (the Malabu oil block deal).
Active drivers
OIL · TRADE
Anchors
ENI oil concessions · OPL 245 legal proceedings · Trade
Accountability
The OPL 245 (Malabu) deal — in which $1.3bn in oil bloc payments allegedly passed to Nigerian officials — involved ENI and Shell. Italian prosecutors pursued criminal charges. The Milan court acquittals (2021) were controversial. No Nigerian official has been convicted in connection with the deal. The Malabu block itself has not been developed.
Key moments
- 1960Relations established.
- 2011OPL 245: $1.3bn payment by Shell and ENI to Nigerian government. Prosecutors alleged funds passed through to Nigerian officials and intermediaries. Trial in Milan concluded 2021 — acquittals upheld on appeal, contested by prosecutors.
- 2023ENI retains significant Niger Delta and offshore operations.